Laboratory studies on mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic sludge digestion. * Approved by Standard Methods Committee. Properly operating anaerobic digesters typically have supernant alkalinites in the range of 2000 to 4000 mg calcium carbonate (CaCO 3)/L. Raw domestic wastewater has an alkalinity less than, or only slightly greater than, that of the water supply. Alkalinity measurements are used in the interpretation and control of water and wastewater treatment processes. Alkalinity in excess of alkaline earth metal concentrations is significant in determining the suitablility of a water for irrigation. The measured values also may include contributions from borates phosphates, silicates, or other bases if these are present. Because the alkalinity of many surface waters is primarily a function of carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide content, it is taken as an indication of the concentration of these constitutents. Alkalinity is a measure of an aggregate property of water and can be interpreted in terms of specific substances only when the chemical composition of the sample is known.Īlkalinity is significant in many uses and treatments of natural waters and wastewaters. The measured value may vary significantly with the end-point pH used. It is the sum of all the titratable bases. DiscussionĪlkalinity of a water is its acid-neutralizing capacity. Printing: Victor Graphics, Inc., Baltimore, Marylandīinding: American Trade Bindery, Baltimore, MarylandĬover Design: DR Pollard and Associates, Inc., Arlington, Virginia 2-24 2320 ALKALINITY * 2320 A. Printed and bound in the United States of America.Ĭomposition: EPS Group, Inc., Hanover, Maryland

Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The Library of Congress has catalogued this work as follows: No part of this publication may be reproduced, graphically or electronically, including entering in storage or retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of the publishers.

Apha standard methods 21st edition pdf